C. Neil Gray

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SEC Obtains TRO against Telegram Group Inc.

On October 11, 2019 the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filed an emergency action in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, and obtained a temporary restraining order against Telegram Group Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, TON Issuer Inc. According to the SEC’s complaint,[1] the two offshore entities were … Continue Reading

SEC Files ICO-Related Enforcement Action Against ICOBox

In Securities and Exchange Commission v. ICOBox et al,[1] the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) alleges that defendant ICOBox and its founder, Nikolay Evdokimov violated Sections 5(a) and 5(c) of the Securities Act by selling $14.6 million in unregistered securities within and outside the United States.  ICOBox bills itself as an ICO[2] incubator that provides … Continue Reading

FINRA Issues First Litigated Enforcement Action Against Crowdfunding Portal

 On June 5, 2019, a Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) panel handed down its first enforcement action against a funding portal. DreamFunded, a crowdfunding platform, was banned from FINRA membership, and Manny Fernandez, DreamFunded’s CEO, was barred from association with any FINRA funding portal member. DreamFunded and Fernandez were further ordered to cover $15,900 in … Continue Reading

SEC Releases Commentary Applying Howey Test to Digital Assets

On April 3, 2019, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) took a first step toward providing greater clarity on the key question of how to evaluate whether transactions involving issuance or sales of digital tokens are sales of securities subject to U.S. securities laws and regulations. To read the full client alert, please visit … Continue Reading

Ringgold II: Court Reverses Course on Preliminary Injunction of Digital Token

As detailed in a prior post on this blog, the United States District Court for the Southern District of California previously denied the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) request for a preliminary injunction against Blockvest, LLC and its founder and chairman Reginald Buddy Ringgold, III (Ringgold).  Recently, upon reconsideration, the court changed course, finding … Continue Reading

Federal Court denies SEC Injunction in Blockvest ICO

On November 28, 2018, the United States District Court for the Southern District of California denied the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) request for a preliminary injunction against Defendants Blockvest, LLC (Blockvest) and Blockvest’s founder and chairman Reginald Buddy Ringgold, III (Ringgold). Securities and Exchange Commission v. Blockvest, LLC, et al.[1] The SEC alleged … Continue Reading

SEC settlement of two ICOs based on sales of unregistered securities: No fraud claims asserted

On Friday, November 16, 2018, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced that it settled two cases against digital token issuers. The settlements, one with CarrierEQ Inc. (AirFox) and the other with Paragon Coin Inc. (Paragon), are the first time that the SEC has imposed civil penalties on companies solely for offering digital tokens … Continue Reading

SEC in First Enforcement Action Against Token Exchange

On November 8, 2018, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) settled its first case against an unregistered cryptocurrency exchange.  Zachary Coburn, founder of EtherDelta, agreed to pay $313,000 in disgorgement and interest, along with a civil fine of $75,000, in order to settle SEC allegations that EtherDelta was acting as an unregistered securities … Continue Reading

Applying Howey, Court Concludes that Centra Token Likely a Security:

While the SEC continues to target fraudulent crypto-projects, we’ve seen a marked increase in the number of class actions targeting a wider-range of ICOs.[1] The crypto-industry is watching these cases intently; awaiting the judiciary’s play in the on-going game of “Are Crypto-Tokens Securities?”. Earlier this week, United States Magistrate Judge Andrea M. Simonton (Southern District … Continue Reading
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